Waste management includes the processes and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. This includes the collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste, together with monitoring and regulation of the waste management process and waste-related laws, technologies and economic mechanisms.
Waste can be solid, liquid, or gaseous and each type has different methods of disposal and management. Waste management deals with all types of waste, including industrial, biological, household, municipal, organic, biomedical and radioactive wastes. The term waste management usually relates to materials produced by human activity and the processes undertaken to reduce their negative impact on health, the environment and aesthetics. The waste hierarchy refers to the “3Rs”, which are aligned with measures that all companies should adopt in order to improve their waste management practices.
The 3Rs include:
REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE
The aim of the waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits from products and to generate the minimum amount of waste. Effective waste management is important in creating sustainable cities, and whilst there has been tremendous progress in this regard in developed countries, it remains a major challenge for developing countries. This is largely due to additional costs that may be associated with driving an effective waste management strategy and the need to build integrated systems that are efficient, sustainable, and socially supported.
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